Code JEL
-
A - General Economics and Teaching
-
A1 - General Economics
-
A2 - Economics Education and Teaching of Economics
-
A20 - General
-
A21 - Pre-college
-
A22 - Undergraduate
-
A23 - Graduate
-
A29 - Other
-
B - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology
-
B0 - General
-
B00 - General
-
B1 - History of Economic Thought trough 1925
-
B10 - General
-
B11 - Preclassical
-
B12 - Classical
-
B13 - Neoclassical through 1925
-
B14 - Socialist; Marxist
-
B15 - Historical; Institutional
-
B16 - Quantitative
-
B19 - Other
-
B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
-
B20 - General
-
B21 - Microeconomics
-
B22 - Macroeconomics
-
B23 - Econometrics, Quantitative Studies
-
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist
-
B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian
-
B29 - Other
-
B3 - History of Thought : Individuals
-
B30 - General
-
B31 - Individuals
-
B4 - Economic Methodology
-
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
-
B50 - General
-
B51 - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian
-
B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary
-
B53 - Austrian
-
B59 - Other
-
C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
-
C0 - General
-
C00 - General
-
C1 - Econometric ans Statistical Methods : General
-
C10 - General
-
C11 - Bayesian Analysis
-
C12 - Hypothesis Testing
-
C13 - Estimation
-
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods
-
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: Single Equation Models; Monte Carlo Methods; Boostrap Methods
-
C16 - Specific Distributions
-
C19 - Other
-
C2 - Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Singles Variables
-
C3 - Econometric Methods: Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables
-
C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics
-
C40 - General
-
C41 - Duration Analysis
-
C42 - Survey Methods
-
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
-
C44 - Statistical Decision Theory; Operations Research
-
C45 - Neural Network and Related Topics
-
C49 - Other
-
C5 - Econometric Modeling
-
C6 - Mathematical Methods and Programming
-
C60 - General
-
C61 - OPtimization Techniques, Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
-
C62 - Existence and Stability Condition of Equilibrium
-
C63 - Computational Techniques
-
C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
-
C67 - Input-Output Models
-
C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
-
C69 - Other
-
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
-
C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
-
C80 - General
-
C81 - Methodology for Collecting; Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data
-
C82 - Methodology for Collecting; Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data
-
C87 - Econometric Software
-
C88 Other Computer Software
-
C89 - Other
-
C9 - Design of Experiments
-
C90 - General
-
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
-
C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
-
C93 - Field Experiments
-
C99 - Other
-
D - Microeconomics
-
D0 - General
-
D00 - General
-
D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
-
D2 - Production and Organizations
-
D20 - General
-
D21 - Firm Behavior
-
D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
-
D24 - Production; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity
-
D29 - Other
-
D3 - Distribution
-
D4 - Market Structure and Pricing
-
D40 - General
-
D41 - Perfect Competition
-
D42 - monopoly
-
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
-
D44 - Auctions
-
D45 - Rationing; Licensing
-
D46 - Value Theory
-
D49 - Other
-
D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
-
D50 - General
-
D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
-
D52 - Incomplete Markets
-
D57 - Input-Output Tables and Analysis
-
D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
-
D59 - Other
-
D6 - Welfare Economics
-
D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
-
D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
-
D9 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth
-
E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
-
E0 - General
-
E00 - General
-
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth
-
E1 - General Aggregative Models
-
E10 - General
-
E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
-
E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
-
E13 - Neoclassical
-
E17 - Forecasting and Simulation
-
E19 - Other
-
E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
-
E20 - General
-
E21 - Consumption; Saving
-
E22 - Capital; Investment (including Inventories); Capacity
-
E23 - Production
-
E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages
-
E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
-
E26 - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
-
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation
-
E29 - Other
-
E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
-
E30 - General
-
E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
-
E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
-
E37 - Forecasting and Simulation
-
E39 - Other
-
E4 - Money and Interested Rates
-
E40 - General
-
E41 - Demand for Money
-
E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
-
E43 - Determination of Interest Rates; Terms Structure of Interest Rates
-
E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
-
E47 - Forecasting and Simulation
-
E49 - Other
-
E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
-
E50 - General
-
E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
-
E52 - Monetary Policy (Targets, Instruments, and Effects)
-
E58 - Central Bank and Their Policies
-
E59 - Other
-
E6 - Macroeconomic Policy Formation, MAcroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, and General Outlook
-
F - International Economics
-
F0 - General
-
F00 - General
-
F01 - Global Outlook
-
F02 - International Economic Order; Noneconomic International Organizations. Economic Integration and Globalization: General
-
F1 - Trade
-
F10 - General
-
F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
-
F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
-
F13 - Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations; International Organizations
-
F14 - Country an Industry Studies of Trade
-
F15 - Economic Integration
-
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
-
F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
-
F18 - Trade and Environment
-
F19 - Other
-
F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
-
F20 - General
-
F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
-
F22 - International Migration
-
F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business
-
F29 - Other
-
F3 - International Finance
-
F30 - General
-
F31 - Foreign Exchange
-
F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
-
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
-
F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
-
F35 - Foreign Aid
-
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
-
F39 - Other
-
F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
-
F40 - General
-
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
-
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
-
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
-
F47 - Forecasting and Simulation
-
F49 - Other
-
G - Financial Economics
-
G0 - General
-
G00 - General
-
G1 - General Financial Markets
-
G2 - Financial Institutions and Services
-
G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance
-
G30 - General
-
G31 - Capital Budgeting; Investment Policy
-
G32 - Financing Policy; Capital and Ownership Structure
-
G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
-
G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
-
G35 - Payout Policy
-
G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
-
G39 - Other
-
H - Public Economics
-
I - Health, Education, and Welfare
-
J - Labor and Demographic Economics
-
J0 - General
-
J00 - General
-
J1 - Demographic Economics
-
J2 - Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination and Creation; Human Capital
-
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
-
J4 - Particular Labor Markets
-
J40 - General
-
J41 - Contracts: Specific Human Capital, Matching Models, Efficiency Wage Models, and Internal Labor Markets
-
J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
-
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
-
J44 - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations
-
J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
-
J48 - Public Policy
-
J49 - Other
-
J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and collective Barbaining
-
J50 - General
-
J51 - Trade Unions; Objectives, Structure, and Effects
-
J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Barbaining
-
J53 - Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
-
J54 - Producer Cooperatives, Labor Managed Firms
-
J58 - Public Policy
-
J59 - Other
-
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies
-
J7 - Labor Discrimination
-
J70 - General
-
J71 - Discrimination
-
J78 - Public Policy
-
J79 - Other
-
J8 - Labor Standards : National and International
-
J80 - General
-
J81 - Working Conditions
-
J82 - Labor Force Composition
-
J83 - Worker's Rights
-
J88 - Public policy
-
J89 - Other
-
K - Law and Economies
-
K0 - General
-
K00 - General
-
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
-
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
-
K20 - General
-
K21 - Antitrust Law
-
K22 - Corporation and Securities Law
-
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
-
K29 - Other
-
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
-
K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
-
K40 - General
-
K41 - Litigation Process
-
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
-
K49 - Other
-
L - Industrial Organization
-
L0 - General
-
L00 - General
-
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
-
L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
-
L20 - General
-
L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
-
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical Integration; Conglomerates
-
L23 - Organization of Production
-
L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures
-
L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Age, Profit, and Sales
-
L29 - Other
-
L3 - Nonprofit Organization and Public Enterprise
-
L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies
-
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
-
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
-
L60 - General
-
L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
-
L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
-
L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
-
L64 - Other Machinery; Business; Equipment; Armaments
-
L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
-
L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco
-
L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
-
L68 - Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
-
L69 - Other
-
L7 - Industrie Studies: Primary Products and Construction
-
L70 - General
-
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
-
L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
-
L73 - Forest Products: Lumber and Paper
-
L74 - Construction
-
L78 - Government Policy
-
L79 - Other
-
L8 - Industry Studies: Services
-
L80 - General
-
L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing; e-Commerce
-
L82 - Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts; Visual Arts, Broascasting, Publishing, etc.)
-
L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
-
L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
-
L85 - Real Estate Services
-
L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
-
L87 - Postal and Delivery Services
-
L88 - Government Policy
-
L89 - Other
-
L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
-
M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting
-
M0 - General
-
M00 - General
-
M1 - Business Administration
-
M10 - General
-
M11 - Production Management
-
M12 - Personnel Management
-
M13 - Entrepreneurship
-
M14 - Corporate Culture ; Social Responsability
-
M19 - Other
-
M2 - Business Economics
-
M20 - General
-
M21 - Business Economics
-
M29 - Other
-
M3 - Marketing and advertising
-
M30 - General
-
M31 - Marketing
-
M37 - advertising
-
M39 - Other
-
M4 - Accounting and Auditing
-
M40 - General
-
M41 - Accounting
-
M42 - Auditing
-
M49 - Other
-
M5 - Personnel Economics
-
M50 - General
-
M51 - Firm Employment Decisions ; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, part-time, temporary workers, seniority issues)
-
M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and their Effects (stock options, fringe benefits, incentives, family support programs, seniority issues)
-
M53 - Training
-
M54 - Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and authority, job satisfaction)
-
M55 - Labor Contracting Devices ; Outsourcing ; Franchising ; Other
-
M59 - Other
-
N - Economic History
-
N0 - General
-
N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics ; Growth and fluctuations
-
N10 - General, International, or comparative
-
N11 - U.S. ; Canada : Pre-1913
-
N12 - U.S. ; Canada : 1913-
-
N13 - Europe : Pre-1913
-
N14 - Europe: 1913-
-
N15 - Asia including Middle East
-
N16 - Latin America; Caribbean
-
N17 - Africa; Oceania
-
N2 - Financial MArket and Institutions
-
N20 - General, International or Comparative
-
N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-
N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-
N23 - Europe: Pre-1913
-
N24 - Europe: 1913-
-
N25 - Asia including Middle East
-
N26 - Latin America; Caribbean
-
N27 - Africa; Oceania
-
N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education Income and Wealth
-
N30 - General, International or Comparative
-
N31 - U.S.: Canada Pre-1913
-
N32 - U.S.; Canada : 1913-
-
N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
-
N34 - Europe: 1913-
-
N35 - Asia including Middle East
-
N36 - Latin America; Caribbean
-
N37 - Africa; Oceania
-
N4 - Government, War, Law and Regulation
-
N40 - General, International or Comparative
-
N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-
N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-
N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
-
N44 - Europe: 1913-
-
N45 - Asia including Middle East
-
N46 - Latin America; Caribbean
-
N47 - Africa; Oceania
-
N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Extractive Industries
-
N50 - General, International or Comparative
-
N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-
N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-
N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
-
N54 - Europe: 1913-
-
N55 - Asia including Middle East
-
N56 - Latin America; Caribbean
-
N57 - Africa; Oceania
-
N6 - Manufacturing and Construction
-
N60 - General, International or Comparative
-
N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-
N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-
N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
-
N64 - Europe: 1913-
-
N65 - Asia including Middle East
-
N66 - Latin America; Caribbean
-
N67 - Africa; Oceania
-
N7 - Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology and Other Services
-
N70 - General, Inernational, or Comparative
-
N71 - U.S. Canada: Pre-1913
-
N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-
N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
-
N74 - Europe: 1913-
-
N75 - Asia including Middle East
-
N76 - Latin America; Caribbean
-
N77 - Africa; Oceania
-
N8 - Micro-Business History
-
N80 - General, International, or Comparative
-
N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-
N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-
N83 - Europe: Pre-1913
-
N84 - Europe: 1913-
-
N85 - Asia including Middle East
-
N86 - Latina America; Caribbean
-
N87 - Africa; Oceania
-
N9 - Regional and Urban History
-
N90 - General, International, or Comparative
-
N91 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
-
N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
-
N93 - Europe: Pre-1913
-
N94 - Europe: 1913-
-
N95 - Asia including Middle East
-
N96 - Latin America; Caribbean
-
N97 - Africa; Oceania
-
O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
-
O1 - Economic Development
-
O10 - General
-
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
-
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
-
O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
-
O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
-
O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
-
O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment
-
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements: Legal, Social, Economic, and Political
-
O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses
-
O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
-
O2 - Development Planning and Policy
-
O20 - General
-
O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
-
O22 - Project Analysis
-
O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
-
O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
-
O29 - Other
-
O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development
-
O30 - General
-
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
-
O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
-
O33 - Tchnological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
-
O34 - Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues
-
O38 - Government Policy
-
O39 - Other
-
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
-
O5 - Economywide Country Studies
-
O50 - General
-
O51 - U.S.; Canada
-
O52 - Europe
-
O53 - Asia including Middle East
-
O54 - Latin America; Caribbean
-
O55 - Africa
-
O56 - Oceania
-
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
-
P Economic Systems
-
P0 - General
-
P00 - General
-
P1 - Capitalist Systems
-
P10 - General
-
P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
-
P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
-
P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
-
P14 - Property Rights
-
P16 - Political Economy
-
P17 - Performances and Prospects
-
P19 - Other
-
P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
-
P20 - General
-
P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
-
P22 - Prices
-
P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
-
P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
-
P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics; Housing; Transportation
-
P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights
-
P27 - Performance and Prospects
-
P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
-
P29 - Other
-
P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
-
P30 - General
-
P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
-
P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture
-
P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
-
P34 - Financial Economics
-
P35 - Public Economics
-
P36 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education; Welfare; and Poverty
-
P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
-
P39 - Other
-
P4 - Other Economic Systems
-
P40 - General
-
P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
-
P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factors and Product Markets; Prices; Population
-
P43 - Public Economics; Welfare and Poverty
-
P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
-
P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
-
P46 - Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty
-
P47 - Performance and Prospects
-
P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights
-
P49 - Other
-
P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
-
P50 - General
-
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
-
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
-
P59 - Other
-
Q - Agricultural and Natural Resources Economics; environmental and Ecological Economics
-
Q0 - General
-
Q00 - General
-
Q01 - Sustainable Development
-
Q1 - Agriculture
-
Q10 - General
-
Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
-
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
-
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
-
Q14 - Agricultural Finance
-
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation
-
Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services
-
Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
-
Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
-
Q19 - Other
-
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
-
Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
-
Q30 - General
-
Q31 - Demand and Supply
-
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
-
Q33 - Resource Booms
-
Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
-
Q38 - Government Policy
-
Q39 - Other
-
Q4 - Energy
-
Q40 - General
-
Q41 - Demad and Supply
-
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
-
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
-
Q48 - Government Policy
-
Q49 - Other
-
Q5 - Environmental Economics
-
Q50 - General
-
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
-
Q52 - Pollution Control Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
-
Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste Recycling
-
Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters
-
Q55 - Technological Innovation
-
Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounting
-
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics
-
Q58 - Government Policy
-
R - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
-
R0 - General
-
R00 - General
-
R1 - General Regional Economics
-
R2 - Household Analysis
-
R20 - General
-
R21 - Housing Demand
-
R22 - Other Demand
-
R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
-
R29 - Other
-
R3 - Production Analysis and Firm Location
-
R4 - Transportation Systems
-
R40 - General
-
R41 - Transportation; Demand; Supply; Congestion; Safety and Accidents
-
R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis
-
R48 - Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies
-
R49 - Other
-
R5 - Regional Government Analysis
-
Z - Other Special Topics
-
Z0 - General
-
Z00 - General
-
Z1 - Cultural Economics
-
Z10 - General
-
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
-
Z12 - Religion
-
Z13 - Social Norms and Social Capital; Social Networks
-
Z19 - Other